Simple agents – complex emergent path systems: Agent-based modelling of pedestrian movement

In well-planned open and semi-open urban areas, it is common to observe desire paths on the ground, which shows how pedestrians themselves enhance walkability affordance of road systems. To better understand these are formed, we present an agent-based modelling approach that simulates real pedestrian movement generate complex path By using heterogeneous ground visit frequency hotspots as environmental settings by agents, systems emerge from collective interactions between agents their environment. Our model employs two visual parameters, angle depth vision, guiding principles, global conception local adaptation. examine model’s parameters effects cost-efficiency emergent systems, conducted a randomly generated simulation validated observed in scenarios. The results show (1) (found be limited narrow range 90–120°) has more significant impact patterns than aligns with Space Syntax theories also emphasize importance for movement; (2) vision closely related scale-invariance different map scales; (3) negative exponential correlation efficiency positive costs. proposed can help planners predict or cost-efficient installations well- poorly designed areas may inspire further approaches rooted generative science future cities.